CJC-1295+DAC is one of modified synthetic analogues of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). It acts as a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue stimulating levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), while preserving GH pulsatility. This stimulation in turn is the basis for its effects confirmed in various studies in animals and humans. This peptide contains an additive called DAC – Drug Affinity Complex, which is added to the CJC-1295 molecule via a lysine linker, and provides protection during circulation in the bloodstream. The DAC enhances the pharmacokinetics of the peptide, and allows it to bind to the blood protein albumin, thereby extending the half-life of CJC-1295 relative to other similar analogue molecules and natural GHRH itself.

MOTS-c is a small peptide derived from mitochondrial genome. During metabolic stress, it moves to the nucleus to regulate the expression of nuclear genes, promoting cellular balance. It is co-expressed in various tissues with mitochondria, and found in plasma, though its levels decline with age. MOTS-c, discovered by researchers at the University of Southern California around 2012, improves glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, suggesting benefits for diabetes, obesity, and aging. This peptide is being studied for its potential in treating cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Studies also explore molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials, suggesting synthetic biology as a new approach for developing and applying MOTS-c.