KPV, a short peptide derived from alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), displays anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It holds promise in various disease conditions, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, where it has shown substantial efficacy and safety across multiple administration routes. Additionally, research suggests that KPV may accelerate wound healing, reduce infection, and minimize scarring following surgery. Ongoing investigations into the anti-inflammatory effects of KPV underscore its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent in managing inflammatory disorders.

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) also called Zadaxin, is a peptide that occurs naturally in thymus gland, which represents a crucial organ for body immune system. Thymosin-Alpha-1 also plays important role in the regulation of immune responses and functions. It was isolated from tissue of the thymus gland for the first time in 1972 and has been used in treating immunocompromised states, malignancies, and enhancing vaccine response. It has been studied for cystic fibrosis, sepsis, various infections, chronic hepatitis or cancer. Thymosin Alpha-1 is approved in 35 developing countries for the treatment of hepatitis B and C.